What is Thrush?
Thrush is a yeast infection caused by Candida albicans, a fungus that lives naturally in the body.
Thrush occurs due to an overgrowth of Candida, particularly in warm, moist areas like the vagina.
What Causes Thrush?
Disruption of the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina can lead to thrush.
Factors include:
- Antibiotics
- Hormonal changes (such as during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause)
- High blood sugar levels (e.g. diabetes)
- Weakened immune system
- Tight or synthetic clothing, which increases warmth and moisture
What Are the Thrush Symptoms?
Common symptoms of vaginal thrush include:
- Itching or irritation around the vagina and vulva
- Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
- Redness and swelling around the vulva
- Discomfort during sex or urination
How Common is Thrush?
Vaginal thrush is quite common; it’s estimated that around 75% of women will experience it at least once in their lifetime.
Recurrent thrush affects around 5-8% of women.
How is Thrush Diagnosed?
The diagnosis typically involves:
- At times, the typical symptoms mentioned above are enough to diagnose thrush, but at times further testing is needed.
- A physical examination by a GP or healthcare provider.
- In some cases, a swab may be taken to confirm the presence of Candida and rule
out other infections. You can collect this lower vaginal swab yourself as well.
Is Thrush Dangerous?
Thrush is generally not dangerous but can be uncomfortable and disruptive.
In rare cases, if left untreated, it may lead to complications in individuals with weakened immune systems.
How is Thrush Treated?
Thrush is treatable with antifungal medications, which can be found over the counter or can be prescribed.
- Topical Treatments: Clotrimazole cream or pessary, applied inside the vagina or around the vulva, are effective and fast-acting.
- Oral Treatments: A single-dose fluconazole tablet is often used; it works
throughout the body to target the yeast.
Always follow dosage instructions, and consult a pharmacist or GP if you’re unsure.
Thrush and Yoghurt
Some people find natural, unsweetened yoghurt applied to the area or consumed as part of their diet may help restore natural bacterial balance. This is not a replacement for antifungal treatment but can be a complementary approach.
What Can I Do to Ease Thrush Symptoms?
- Wear loose, cotton underwear to reduce moisture build-up and to avoid local irritation.
- Avoid scented soaps, bubble baths, and sanitary products, which irritate the area.
- Wash gently with warm water instead of harsh soaps.
- Avoid tight clothing and synthetic materials.
What Can I Do to Avoid Getting Thrush in the First Place?
- Keep the vaginal area dry and avoid using scented products.
- Promptly change out of wet clothing, such as swimsuits or gym wear.
- Limit sugar intake, as yeast-causing thrush can thrive on sugar
.
Why Do I Keep Getting Recurrent Thrush?
- Recurrence can result from lifestyle factors, an undiagnosed health condition,
or antibiotic use.
- Recurrent thrush (four or more episodes a year) may require long-term antifungal therapy. If recurrent, consult a GP for a thorough assessment.
Thrush in Pregnancy
- Thrush is more common in pregnancy due to hormonal changes.
- Treatment options like clotrimazole are usually recommended as they are safe during pregnancy. Avoid oral fluconazole unless advised by a healthcare professional.
Can Thrush Be Passed on via Sexual Intercourse?
- Thrush is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, but it can be passed on to a partner.
- The use of condoms can help reduce the risk of transmission during an outbreak.